1. TSKJ
The Joint Venture (TSKJ) was formed in 1991. Its members were Snamprogetti, an Italian company; M.W. Kellogg, an American company; Technip, a French company; and Gasoline Corp of Japan.
(a) From M.W. Kellogg to KBR
M.W. Kellogg was formerly owned by Dresser Industries Inc. which acquired it in 1988.This was the period when bribe payment and contract bid started (1993). M. W. Kellogg Ltd. (MWKL) registered in the UK (since 1992) 55% owned by M.W. Kellogg and 45% owned by Gasoline Corp of Japan. It was at MWKL that Wojciech Chodan was Vice- President, and consultant.
In Sep 1998, Halliburton acquired Dressers Industries. Inc. including its subsidiary, M. W. Kellogg Company. After the purchase, Kellogg merged with Halliburton’s subsidiary, Brown and Root Inc., to form Kellogg, Brown and Root, Inc., which later became Kellogg, Brown & Root, LLC. (KBR). The bribery continued under Halliburton while KBR remained a part of Halliburton until April 2007 when it became an independent company.
(b) Technip
Technip is a French firm involved in engineering, technologies and project management for the oil and gas industry worldwide. Its headquarters is in Paris, France. It has operating centres in Nigeria where it operates as Technip Offshore Nigeria Limited; Neptune Maritime Nigeria Ltd; and Crestech.
(c) Snamprogetti
Snamprogetti operates on the international market as a main contractor for the design and implementation of large-sized projects in the fields of refinery and gas plants. It is a wholly owned subsidiary of ENI with headquarters in Milan, Italy. It operates in Nigeria as Snamprogetti Africa (Nigeria) Limited, and Snamprogetti Spa - Nigeria.
(d) Gasoline Corp
Gasoline Corp of Japan is now JGC Corporation. The company with over 2000 employees was founded on October 25 1928. It is an engineering company that is into consulting, investment in oil and gas field development, and Technology development services.
TSKJ operated through three Portuguese special purpose corporations based in Funchal, Madeira, Portugal. They are:
I. TSKJ - Servicos De Engenharia, Lda
II. TSKJ II - Construcoes Internacionals, Lda
III. LNG - Servicos e Gestao De Projectos, Lda
The first two, TSKJ and TSKJ II were equally owned by the four Joint Venture companies. LNG on the other hand, which was used to enter into consulting agreements with Tri-Star and Marubeni Corporation, Japan, was 50% owned by MW Kellogg ltd, 25% owned by Technip and 25% owned by Snamprogetti.
2. Tri-Star Investment Limited
Tri-Star Investment Limited, a Gibraltar company, was formed in 1990 by Jeffery Tesler. In 2005, the company was reformed and is now Tristar Company Group with European headquarters in Switzerland and American headquarters in Washington DC. Tri-Star was paid $130million between Dec 1995, and January 2004, used in bribing Nigerian government officials.
3. Marubeni Corporation
It is a global trading company with headquarters in Japan. It was paid over $50million to bribe “low level” Nigerian government officials. It was an agent of both TSKJ, and its subsidiaries
4. NNPC
The Nigerian National Petroleum Commission, established in April 1977, is a Nigerian government-owned company, charged with the development of Nigeria’s oil and gas wealth and regulation of the industry.
5. NLNG
Nigeria Liquefied Natural Gas (NLNG) is jointly owned by NNPC, Shell, Total LNG Nigeria Limited, and Eni of Italy. NNPC owns 49%, Shell (25.6%), Total LNG Nigeria Ltd (15%), and Eni (10.4%). NLNG, which became a limited liability company on May 17, 1989, was created to harness Nigeria’s vast natural gas resources and produce Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) and Natural Gas Liquids (NGLs) for export.