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The Governor of the Central Bank of Nigeria Sanusi Lamido. Photo: NEXT

CBN reverses foreign exchange policy

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The Central Bank of Nigeria has stated its decision to get rid of the controls recently introduced in the Foreign Exchange Market, in order to stimulate and stabilise activities in the market.

The CBN stated this in a circular released yesterday, following a series of decisions made by the CBN's governor, Lamido Sanusi at the Monetary Policy Committee (MPC) meeting earlier this week.

According to the communiqué signed by Batari Musa, Acting Director for the CBN's Trade and Exchange Department, "The CBN re-introduces the wholesale Dutch Auction System (WDAS) with effect from Monday 13th July 2009".

New guidelines

According to the circular, "The CBN shall intervene in the foreign exchange market through the Wholesale Dutch Auction System".

According to the circular, under this system, authorised dealers are expected to submit their bids on Monday and Wednesdays, in a standard format made available on the CBN website, duly signed by authorised signatories.

Also stated in the circular, "the minimum bid amount by an authorised dealer shall be $100,000.00 and the currencies of transactions shall be the Naira and the United States dollar. Funds purchased from the CBN at the Auction shall be used for eligible transactions only, subject to stipulated documentation requirements and shall be transferable in the inter-bank foreign exchange market".

Class A and B to participate directly

At the MPC meeting held on July 7, 2009, Sanusi stated that all other restrictions recently imposed on the foreign exchange market are hereby removed. "All Class ‘B' Bureaux-de-Change may now participate directly in the CBN window. Only those with valid licences are eligible. However, they will make a caution deposit of $20,000.00 each".

Consequently, according to a report on the review of the MPC meeting on the CBN website, Class ‘A' BDCs capital requirement is reduced from N500 million to N250 million while allocation of foreign exchange will differ in magnitude between Class ‘A' and ‘B' BDCs, given the different levels of capitalisation.

Increase in Net Open Position (NOP)

To further liberalise the Forex market, the Central Bank of Nigeria has also increased the foreign exchange Net open position of banks. According to the circular, "the foreign exchange Net Open Position of banks has been increased from 2.5 percent to 5.0 percent of shareholders' funds with effect from July 13, 2009".

Responsibility for authorised dealers

The CBN has also stated certain responsibilities for dealers, especially the banks. According to the circular, "authorised dealers shall quote two-ways and display in their banking halls the buying and selling rates conspicuously. The spread between the buying and selling rates shall not exceed 50 kobo".

The circular further states that while "The Central Bank of Nigeria reserves the right to reject bids that are deemed to be unrealistic, contravention of the Foreign Exchange Market regulations shall attract appropriate sanctions as spelt out in the provisions of the relevant laws and CBN guidelines".

CBN imposed Forex restrictions in January 2009 and replaced the Wholesale Dutch Auction System (WDAS) with the Retail Dutch Auction System (RDAS), in an attempt to stabilise the sharp decline in the naira currency and persistent fall in the value of Naira.

At his first MPC meeting as the CBN governor, held on the July 7, 2009, Sanusi had stated his decision that the inter-bank foreign exchange market would be liberalised completely, with a view to improving the supplies of foreign exchange in the economy.

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Reader Comments (9)


Posted by Ade on Jul 10 2009

Ok now I am worried. Soludo might have been getting it quite wrong mixing politics with sound economic policies during his last few days in office, but he did put in a lot of economic thoughts while making those policies. The forex market is gradually becoming stable now though with an apparent disparity between what CBN offers and what is being sold on the black market. But that margin has started narrowing because the market has finally started adjusting to stricter controls. Liberalisation brings in elasticity, which when uncontrolled spirals out of hand. Very much like everything else in Nigeria. It is imperative that extra caution is taken before rushing to change policies when the market is still adjusting. Don't push pawns where you are weak.

Posted by Sunkade Folorunso on Jul 10 2009

Nothing is permanent in life except change! But Human beings are not very receptive to changes. New person, new idea and new era. In this new dispensation, I see a ray of hope in the effort to stabilize the Naira especially in the "spread between buying and selling". But how do you control the illiterate black market dealers to comply with the rules? They need adequate education and information on their operations. Finally, any erring operators must be sanctioned be it Banks or Bureau-De-Change.

Posted by Olu Ojo on Jul 10 2009

This is nothing but open door policy for forex to be available in the black market. Of course the beneficiaries are the one and same people represented by the CBN Governor.

Posted by umar gangaran on Jul 10 2009

its unfortunate that olu sees the cbn governor as representing a section of the people. Shouldnt people be more responsible when making comment on a matter of this magnitude.

Posted by kumar on Jul 10 2009

Posted by Olu Ojo on Jul 10 2009 This is nothing but open door policy for forex to be available in the black market. I am with this statment. CBN / Govt of Nigerian is supposed to clear its attention towards the treatment of need of foreign exchange between the genuine importers and others who never bring their imports thru proper and never like to pay any duties and charges. People must be told wher this BDCs money is spent.

Posted by Ade on Jul 11 2009

Changes are very much deduced and implemented as a feedback into a system. Every system needs constant feedback to maintain its stability. My views on the policy change is dependent on the fact that the market is already experiencing stability while the margin between official black market and the CBN is narrowing once more. RDAS was introduced to strain the market and allow the forex market shape itself, it was simply an economic policy that douses the market elasticity over time. Obviously re-introducing WDAS (which got the market to the terrible state late last year) is quite suitable, if and only if the long term impact is properly evaluated. I am just a man on the street and always want the lowest exchange rate to trade but very concern about what happens tomorrow. Not short-sighted.

Posted by Kokoro Dudu on Jul 11 2009

I don't know why people are quick to point to conspiracy theories. As CBN Governor, he's doing what has been done before. Before RDAS was brought back in January, the WDAS was used for months on end. Nigeria is one of the countries with tight FOREX policies and it hasn't helped us.

Posted by Gbenga Nero on Jul 12 2009

Olu, the banks were making a kill under the retail dutch auction. If you recall, black market hit N180/$1 at a time, while official rate was N146/$1. Much of that difference were made by the banks making use of fake documents. Let's see how the new policy goes. My only concern is that the official rate should be elastic. What I mean by this is that if the price of oil goes up the naira should appreciate drastically to the dollar let's say between N138 and N140 to the dollar. It should not be fixed. That is how Canadian dollar is to the American dollar.

Posted by NKAMA (Economist) on Sep 08 2009

The idea of categorising BDCs into Class A and Class B does not make sense.Instead, the apex bank should ensure total compliance with foreing exchange transactions by the BDCs and therefore reverse to the former capitalisation requirments .Again, some commercial banks' workers used the RDAS to enrich themselves. . The emphasis should be on transperancy and total compliance with the guilines and not the capital base.The whole idea is to stabilize the value the naira to achieve macroeconomic objectives. Well done!



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